At last year’s American Translators Association conference in San Francisco, I overheard a few conversations about how the translation industry would be affected if translators started billing by the hour rather than by the word. In some cases and for some jobs, translators do bill by the hour, but the tried-and-true per-word charge is still the norm. Here are a few thoughts on charging by the word versus by the hour.
Pricing translation by the word has some advantages: Especially if you charge by the source word, everyone knows up front how much the translation will cost, down to the cent. No surprise overruns to deal with and no estimating how many hours a project will take. Per-word pricing encourages translators to maintain their skills and technology, since efficient translators effectively earn more per hour. In some sense, per-word pricing may also drive translation technology innovations, since translators may be more likely to purchase a tool that allows them to work faster. Also, skilled and efficient translators can probably earn more by charging by the word than clients would be likely to pay by the hour. Say that you’re translating 600 words an hour at 14 cents a word, not out of the question for many translators, but I’ll venture a guess that those same clients might balk at paying $84 an hour for translation.Β Per-word pricing also allows translation buyers to compare apples to apples when it comes to costs, rather than weighing a higher per-hour quote from a translator who claims to work faster versus a lower per-hour quote from someone who works more slowly.
But then again…:Pricing by the word has an obvious disadvantage from the translator’s side, which is that you are agreeing to work for a flat and fixed rate. So, when you get to those three pages of barely legible handwriting, or the document that’s been scanned, faxed and photocopied eight times before arriving in your inbox, you have to decide whether you need to negotiate a higher per-word rate. This can be a particular problem when it comes to editing, which is why I personally decline to be paid by the word for editing.
So then maybe pricing by the hour is better?: Well…yes…no…maybe! The main advantage of pricing by the hour is that there is no risk of loss on the translator’s part; if you charge $50 an hour and you work ten hours, you make $500. If you charge 20 cents a word and think you can translate 600 words an hour but the nature of the document is such that you really translate 250 words an hour, you’ve just taken a big hit. However, my main reasons for continuing to believe in pricing by the word are: a) the client knows up front how much the translation will cost and b) I think that most experienced and efficient translators can earn more by the word than what most clients will pay by the hour. Just don’t forget to agree in advance on whether the billable word count is source or target!
Kudoz, Corinne :-). Very insightful analysis. I feel that I have something to add here, but I’m too tired to focus right now. I’ll come back later if I think of something, but I just couldn’t resist thanking you for the lovely post.
Bonjour Corinne,
TrΓ¨s pertinent comme analyse. J’ai moi aussi traitΓ© de la question dans Circuit, la revue de l’OTTIAQ, et j’en arrive Γ des conclusions similaires :
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Votre dernier argument est le plus pertinent pour moi, mΓͺme s’il est celui qu’il est le plus difficile d’apporter dans un dΓ©bat public. En fait, je crois mΓͺme que ces pour cette raison que certains gros fournisseurs d’ouvrage militent pour le tarif Γ l’heure : ils savent qu’ils paieront ainsi moins cher, car le marchΓ© est bizarrement ainsi fait.
J’ajouterais un autre argument corollaire : avec le tarif au mot, le traducteur a naturellement une Β« augmentation salariale Β» Γ mesure qu’il acquiert de l’expΓ©rience (car il acquiert de la vitesse). S’il facture Γ l’heure, il est obligΓ© d’augmenter son tarif rΓ©guliΓ¨rement pour avoir une augmentation de revenu en rapport avec l’amΓ©lioration de sa compΓ©tence qui lui vient avec l’expΓ©rience. C’est une contrainte dont on se passera volontiers!
Great post, Corinne. I have always believed that there is nothing more unfair than treating everybody equally. Knowledge and experience should be rewarded, and it would not be fair to pay a translator less just because it took him or her less time to translate something thanks to the speed that is gained with being exposed to the same thing over and over again.
I once heard a story of a woman who asked a famous painter to draw a painting for her. He said he would charge her $3,000 and she agreed. In 15 minutes he had drawn a beautiful painting for her, and she turned around and said “I cannot believe you will charge me $3,000 for only 15 minutes of your time”. And he responded: “What you are paying for is the many years that it took so that I can accomplish this in only 15 minutes”.
This post actually overlooks a big problem that a lot of translators have: translators need to price their per-word rate and their per-hour rate such that the same job will result in the same fee, regardless of which billing method is used.
Similarly, a translator’s source-word rate and target-word rate should be adjusted so that the same document results in (roughly) the same fee, regardless of which billing method is used.
If I dare say, translators who consider themselves professionals AND businesspeople really need to devote time to analyzing their own metrics so that they can price accordingly. If you as a translator are making *less* money when billing hourly than you are when billing per word, then you need to increase your hourly rate to match.
One important thing for translators to realize as well in terms of pricing is that you must be prepared to say no to a client that does not want to pay your minimum rates. It may be hard (at first), but actually clients respect translators more whose minimum rates stay firm–it speaks to your self-confidence as a translator and as a business person. It also stops you from being in the terrible situation of having said yes to a job at a very low rate and then being too busy to accept the next offer of a job at a very high rate.
So, again: adjust your pricing so that no matter the billing mechanism so that your rate is covering your salary and your overhead (health insurance, software upgrades, etc.), and never say yes to jobs priced below that pricing. (Unless you’re donating your time to charity or something.)
To Simac: That’s easier said than done for many people. Once you said no to a client because they won’t pay your fair hourly rate and they go somewhere else, who’s better off? And if you know very well that the same client would have agreed to the same rate, expressed in cents per word, why bother? As Corinne said, it’s a weird thing, but it’s reality: the same client will agree to a certain rate, but not to the equivalent hourly rate in many cases (when the translator is experienced, well equipped, etc.). You can’t change the market all by yourself, you have to play by the rules as they are, as odd as they may seem.
Yes, I agree both with Simac’s comment about sticking with your base rate, and with FranΓ§ois about the strange industry phenomenon on per word/per hour pricing. For whatever reason, the translation industry seems willing to support per-word rates (or we could call it flat-rate pricing) that are significantly higher than the per-hour rate that the same translator charges. And I actually think that this is true at both ends of the market; I would venture a guess that translators who charge 8 cents a word are not charging $40 an hour, and that translators who charge 30 cents a word are not charging $150 an hour.
However, I do agree that it’s important to, as Simac pointed out, set your rates using objective data and include your overhead and then stick to them, which may mean finding new clients when you raise your rates.
(The following is an except from an article entitled “Everything’s Comin’ Up Roses” which appears in the March/April issue of the “Gotham Translator”, the bi-monthly newsletter of the New York Circle of Translators (NYCT). The entire article may be downloaded from the NYCT’s website.)
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The per-word unit has for at least one hundred years been the basis for determining a translatorβs fee. Although there have been suggestions and even isolated attempts to change this basis, it has remained the dominant form in translation services invoicing.
The natural efficiencies of the computer allowed for the corresponding increases in translator productivity, and that increased productivity kept the per-word unit firmly in its position as the dominant basis for determining translation fees. Since the time that the computer became the principal production tool, no one has questioned the practice of charging for repetitive words or phrases or entire passages that were very similar but not precisely identical. The concept and the predominant thinking was that a translatorβs time had to be compensated even though the translator was not actually translating words, but merely blocking, copying, pasting and comparing and/or verifying.
But the advent of the computer-assisted translation (βCATβ) tool and its widespread implementation has dramatically changed the economic playing field, and translators, particularly those who are relatively new to the industry, have readily accepted the notion that they should be paid solely and exclusively for words translated only once, and that their time and knowledge applied to moving words and re-positioning phrases or components of phrases, i.e., data movement, to provide complete and accurate communication has absolutely no remunerative value. Like those who marched in willing resignation and without protest to the βshowersβ and the gas chambers, the translators of the 21st century are seemingly doing likewise.
To this correspondent, it is not a question of what brought about this change in thinking that translators should be compensated only for so-called βnew wordsβ or that bastard sibling called βfuzzy matchesβ, but rather who has promoted this concept and who is benefiting most by its application.
In the freelance community, the βvillainsβ are clearly the translation agencies, now predominantly in the hands of language-blind, profit-focused and marketing-focused businesspeople. The few translation agency owners who are willing to speak about this issue, say that it is the translation clients who are forcing this change upon the translation agencies in an effort to lower translation costs, and therefore the agencies have no choice but to pressure freelance translators into accepting compensation solely for βnew wordsβ translatedβ¦at prices that would have looked attractive in 1978!
Added to the mix are the attitudes of translator organizations, which have become more and more fascinated by machines and attendant technology than with the resulting economic impact. Worse, some of them have jumped into bed with the manufacturers of CAT and other translation-assisted tools, blindly but gleefully accepting handsome advertising revenues. In addition, translation organizations have encouraged their members to use this technology on the sole grounds that it provides for increased efficiency and productivity, although no studies have been sponsored or undertaken to determine what if any efficiencies are actually achieved, save for the efficiency of increasing profits at one end and lowering compensation at the other. Indeed, if CAT and other so-called translation-assisted tools are providing such increased productivity, then why is it that so many translators are complaining about longer hours of work and less compensation? Something donβt smell right here.
The United States is now moving into a major economic recession, but a recession that is coupled with rising inflation. Every single one of us is now feeling the effects of this inflation, as prices for basic goods and services are increasing dramatically across the board. Yet, translation prices have dropped and translator income has remained relatively stagnant. And if we place any credence in the complaint that translators worked longer hours to earn in 2007 what they earned in 2006 or 2005 or 2004, then in effect what we have is a reduction in income.
If there is any veracity in the translation industryβs current economic indicators, then perhaps the time has come for all to ask themselves whether translation is an endeavor in which a person can earn a supplemental income at best, and whether it is an industry that constitutes a welcoming harbor and nurturing environment solely for βhousewivesβ (desperate or proverbial), and one in which most of the practitioners are quite willing to march to their own economic gas chambers.
Charging a flat rate per word just doesn’t seem fair. Some texts are a breeze to translate and others can be confusing and extremely time-consuming. Although both texts may be equal in the number of words they contain, the less complex text will be able to be translated much faster and the more complex text will take much longer.
Is there some way to charge according to type of text? For example, technical translations are very time-consuming and therefore, should require a higher rate per word than a simple email or web page translation. Say 20 cents per word for technical writing and 15 cents per word for non-technical writing.
My scale isn’t right but I hope you get the idea. Another way may be to grade the level of texts. I have seen this done with web sites. For example, you submit your web site to a grader and it will tell you the level of text from elementary, high school, college, graduate level, etc.
Got a document translated the other day to English from Chinese, paid 75 cents for that, it was a 200 word document…
I think I overpaid for that thing!
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B. Bierman is 100 p. 100 right.
As in journalism, design, photography and in any freelance professions, REAL freelancers are getting less and less paid, and translation agencies, SME as multinationals, are responsible for this situation. If they could, they would happily force any worker to work for free, because … “the Market, globalization, etc. etc.
What all these people think is that labour – whichever – is too expensive. As Always.
Translation agencies’ CEO’s or their public relations slave “contribute” to the debate between freelancers on blogs … pretending they are freelancers. What they are doing should be called propaganda.
Agencies would be less disliked (to say the least) by translators if, instead of trying to make “20 p. cent profit”, they were more reasonable. 20 p. 100 a HUGE and totally absurd figure.
Real translators simply do not want to work to help CEOs (big or small) acquire luxury houses in the hottest area of the town (luxury cars, golf club, cosmetic surgery bills, etc.).
PERIOD.
Please, when translating several pages online for one company and they pay hour rate, and the first page took me 4 hours to get it done but all the others are pretty much copy and paste with just little difference but I still need to go over it to double check, and they still want me to do it. Should i count like IΒ΄m doing all over again or it is fair if I just ask for the time that IΒ΄m really expending on it?
Thanks Martina! If you are being paid by the hour, it seems fair to charge for the time you actually spent.
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Awesome article again!
Thanks. :=)
Thanks for all you do to help all of us out, Corinne.
Does anyone have any insight about how much to charge for book translations as compared to other types of documents? I obviously don’t want to overcharge, but I also don’t want to undervalue my work. I have been out of paid translating for a few years now and I’ve seen anywhere from a penny or so a word (REALLY???) to a LOT higher…
My language pairs are somewhat more common than some others: American English to Mexican Spanish, basically. Or to Latin American Spanish in general, really. And vice-versa.
Hi Christina and thanks for your message. Book translations are a tricky market; I would recommend visiting Lisa Carter’s blog Intralingo for some ideas. See her post “Advice on how to price a book translation” for excellent tips! http://intralingo.com/advice-on-how-to-price-a-book-translation/
Checking right now. Thanks so much, Corinne!!
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a good ideΠ° or bad idea? Any aΡsistance wΞΏuld be greatly valued.
Probiotics are bacteria that help maintain the
normal equilibrium of organisms (microflora) within the
intestines camera. The conventional individual digestive system conbtains abput
400 types of probiotic bacteria that market a wholesome digestive system and decrease the progress of dangerous
bacteria. The largest group of probiotic bacteria in the intestine is lactic acid bacteria, which
Lactobacillus acidophilus, within yogurt with live ethnicities, is the better known.
Yeast can also be a probiotic substance. Probiotics can also be
available as dietary supplements.
Many probiotics are like what’s presently in a person’s digestive system.
Somee probiotics have now been useful for a very umber of years all through heritage, such as in
classy dairy food and fermented foods. These don’t seem to
cause infection. But more study is necessary to the safety of probiotics in small children, the elderly, and people who have weak
immune systems.
Just like any supplement, remember that probiotic supplements are managed as foods, not drugs.
Inform your doctor about everything you are taking, including the certain bacteria within your probiotic supplement.
Very first thing I recognized was the manufacturing
date: only a little more than 2 months ahead of my order.
Capability was undoubtedly still undamaged (these don’t need refridgeration).
Unlike some high-priced ones I’ve gotten I did not have free chairs quickly the bat.
Issues ‘arrived on the scene’ as they should be. π Got them for $5 plus $5 delivery.
Needed a complete week to achieve me that we had expect from the Super Saving Shipment purchase, but no big deal.
Well packaged and safely appeared. May obtain again in a few months (only need 1 a day–take WITH foods, not
before).
renew life ultimate flora 15 billion
It has been recommended that probiotics be properly used to
treat troubles inside the abdomen and intestines. But only specified types of germs
or fungus (named pressures) happen to be demonstrated to function in the digestive tract.
It nevertheless has to be proven which probiotics (alone or in combination) function to treat diseases.
At this time, possibly the strains of probiotics which have been
proved to benefit a specific condition are not widely offered.
Probiotics are live microorganisms – primarily bacteria – offering a health gain towards the human body.
Probiotics are often referred to as excellent or helpful bacteria-based on the advantageous pastime within the digestive tract.
Under typical circumstances, the individual intestinal tract hosts many different microorganisms –
some welcoming and some malicious. The lactic-acid providing
germs, including the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, happen
to be identified to reward the atmosphere and service balanced digestion and nutrient
absorption. However, the profile and task of relentless germs can sometimes wreck havoc on balance and result in diarrhoea and other digestive disruptions.
The amount of probiotics required to replenish the bowel ranges according to the clear presence
of parasites and the magnitude of microbial depletion.
One to two thousand colony forming units (CFUs) per day of acidophilus is known as to be the
minimum amount for your servicing of intestinal microflora.
Some Saccharomyces boulardii investigation has used 500-mg obtained four
times every day. Preliminary research suggests that combinations
of probiotic strains are in some cases more efficient than specific
strains,β but additional research is needed to confirm that possibility.77
Where you should Believe It Is
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Useful microorganisms contained in fermented dairy foodsβnamely live-culture yoghurtβhave been utilized as
a folk remedy for hundreds, if not thousands, of years.
Yoghurt may be the traditional source of advantageous microorganisms.
However, unique manufacturers of yogurt can differ greatly inside their
microorganisms pressure and efficiency. Some (notably freezing) yoghurts don’t include
any live germs. Supplements in powder, water extract, pill, oor tablet sort containing useful microorganisms are other sources of probiotics.
I had wnt to say that these probiotics worked way much betfter than any the others.
I’m still perhaps not frequent, I feel a number of prunes may possibly are better, I’m sorry to say..
I still remain irregular, do not proceed often, not even each day, so that it
hasn’t been whatsoever beneficial in losing weight. I will keep seeking until the bottle is clear, and
make a ultimate evaluation then. I want they’d work, I’d rather not
have to ask for my cash back, thus let us wish issues turnaround for the better!!
Probiotics acidophilus Pearls & enzymes probiotic combine.
Skin tags are minor flaps of tissue that abide byy elements of your neck, armpits, eyelids, crotch folds, or under breasts.
Although they may look a biit unusual, the generaoly do not hur and offer no known medical difficulty.
(Hence, physicians recommend not healing them.) If however you want to remove the skin ticketgs because you see them
as unpleasant there are always a 22′ number ways to
remove them both home going to the doctor,,, of, in the and by.
Skin tags are popular, obtained, benign skin growths that look like a small soft,
balloons of clinging skin. Skin tags are harmless growths that
can vary in number from one to hundreds.
Females and males are similarly susceptible to creating skin tickets.
Obesity is connected with skin-tag development. Most continue after established, though some skin tickets may
fall off spontaneously. The medical name for skin-tag is acrochordon.
Skin tags are items of flesh-tinted or darkly pigmented
muscle that project from the surrounding skin from a little, slender stalk (pedunculated).
Many people call these cancers “epidermis tab.” Skin tags generally happen 4′ quality locations the foot the neck armpits eyelids groin creades the bust in, including of,,,, and
beneath. In early stages, skin tags could bee noo moee than a compressed pinhead-size bundle.
While most tags usually are smaller (2 mm-5 mm in diameter) at around one-third to one-half the
size of a pinky fingernail, man skin tags could
become as large as being a huge grape (1 cm in diameter)
or perhaps a fig (5 cm in diameter).
getrid of skin tags with nail polish (wordpress.com)
With the exception of the beauty look, skin tickets generally cause no real suffering or distress.
These teeny skin growths usually cause symptoms when
they’re repeatedly 12′ agitated 12″ as instance the collar the groin. Cosmetic elimination unpleasant look could very well be the most typical reason they are eliminated, for, by or while in for. As it has become inflamed and red from bleeding (hemorrhage) or black from folding and death periodically, a marking may involve eradication of the skin tissues (necrosis). Sometimes, they might become snagged by outfits, jewelry, animals, or seat belts, producing pain or discomfort. Overall, these are extremely benign growths which have no melanoma (malignant) possible.
If you have a skin-tag that is disturbing you, consider making a meeting using an independently practising GP to have it removed
Skin tags can easily be burned or frosty down in the same approach to how warts are eliminated.
If your skin tag is small having a filter base, the GP may advise you try eliminating it-yourself by:
Attaching off the beds base of skin label with dental floss or cotton to cut off its circulation and make it fall off
Slicing it off using good clean scissors
Don’t make an effort to remove big skin tags yourself simply because they can bleed heavily.
All the time, skin labels will fall-off on their own and turn into a scab. Nevertheless, some people prefer to ask them to removed, often for cosmetic reasons or as the labels might rub against clothing or otherwise be irritating. There are over-the-counter arrangements designed to remove so on, moles, warts and skin tags. Clear nail-polish placed on skin label has additionally been employed being a home remedy, but isn’t a scientifically-proven therapy Furthermore, people have been known to numb their labels with snow before slicing them off with clean scissors or nail clippers. Bear in mind the area may seldom but probably develop critical hemorrhaging and / or disease, therefore property surgery isn’t anything to become taken casually.
Your physician may suggest removing your skin tag using a ligation process (braiding the beds base of the tag with suturing line, by way of example, to cut off the flow and allow the tag to dry up and fall off), cryotherapy to freeze it off, electric cauterization, or surgical removal with scissors or a knife. When done in a doctor ‘s office, a mind-numbing cream or injection may be utilized, and care is taken to prevent bleeding and attacks.
how to remove a skin tag yourself with nail polish
There are also home cures and self-therapies, including attaching off the tiny tag stalk using a piece of twine or dental floss and allowing the tag to slip off over several nights.
The benefit of scissor treatment is the fact that the advancement you’ll find and is quickly removed instant results. The possible problem of any type of scissor or minor surgical treatment to eliminate tags is minor hemorrhage.
Probable pitfalls using snowy or burning incorporate short-term skin discoloration, need for repeat treatment (s), and malfunction for the tag to fall-off.
There’s no proof that eliminating tags causes additional tags to cultivate. Rather, there are a few persons who may be much more prone to creating skin tags and may have new stones routinely. Many people possibly need occasional elimination of tickets at yearly or quarterly intervals.
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ΠΡΡΠ·ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π±ΡΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈ
Π‘Π°ΠΉΡ Π·Π° Π±ΡΡΠ·ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΊΠΈ
ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈ Π² ΠΡΠ»Π³Π°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΠ°ΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ 24 ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Ρ Π±ΡΡΠ· ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ
Π ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π± ΡΠ°ΠΉΡ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΊ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΈ Π±ΡΡΠ· Π·Π°Π΅ΠΌ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΈΡΠΎ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ 24 ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π° Π±ΡΡΠ· ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π΄ 399 Π»Π², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ , ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΊ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅, ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Ρ, ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡ Π·Π° Π±ΡΡΠ·ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΠΉ-Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°
ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΡ, ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π·Π° ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ ΠΈ Π²Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ.
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